When is a difference in sound not phonemic? Examples!
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If the difference is determined by the phonemic context (hence redundant). E.g. the difference between long and short vowel in English (save [seiv] vs safe [seif]), the difference between aspirated and unaspirated plosives (pit [phit] vs spit [spit]).
Complementary distribution: In contexts where we find one, we never find the other (see above) => one phoneme.
If it only marks a speech impediment or variant. E.g. in German [s] and [θ], [z] and [δ]).
